题目:
Given a string, find the length of the longest substring T that contains at most 2 distinct characters.
For example, Given s = “eceba”
,
T is "ece" which its length is 3.
链接:
题解:
跟"Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters"很像。碰到这种题目依然是考虑使用Sliding Window来解决,只不过要多考虑用什么样的数据结构来存储数据。
这里有几种方法,第一种是用HashSet<Character>来保存字符,从头到尾扫描字符串,当set.size() >= 2并且当前字符为新字符,我们从当前字符的前一个字符s.charAt(i - 1)从后向前查找,碰到不同于s.charAt(i - 1)的字符在位置j时,设置index为j + 1,尝试更新max。假如要扩展到n个distinct characters的话,我们就需要另外设置一个counter,来记录反向查找时一种经历了多少种字符。
Time Complexity - O(n), Space Complexity - O(1)
public class Solution { public int lengthOfLongestSubstringTwoDistinct(String s) { //sliding window if(s == null || s.length() < 3) return s.length(); Setset = new HashSet<>(); int max = 0, index = 0; // use index to record left bar of window for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) { char c = s.charAt(i); if(!set.contains(c)) { if(set.size() >= 2) { for(int j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) // scan from i - 1 to 0 if(s.charAt(j) != s.charAt(i - 1)) { set.remove(s.charAt(j)); index = j + 1; break; } } set.add(c); } max = Math.max(i - index + 1, max); } return max; }}
第二种可以用HashMap<Character,Integer>来存储字符以及字符最后一次出现的lastIndex。这样碰到map.size() >= 2而且要添加新字符的时候,我们只需要查找到map.keySet里不同于上一字符s.charAt(i - 1)的那个entry,设置index为entry.val + 1即可,接下来继续尝试更新max。 max与第一种方法一样,为Math.max(i - index + 1, max)。扩展到n个distinct character的话,要对lastIndex做个排序,然后按照倒序找到需要溢出的字符,设置index,再更新max。
Time Complexity - O(n),Space Complexity - O(1)。
public class Solution { public int lengthOfLongestSubstringTwoDistinct(String s) { //sliding window if(s == null || s.length() < 3) return s.length(); HashMapmap = new HashMap<>(); // use map to record int max = 0, index = 0; // use index to record left bar of window for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) { char c = s.charAt(i); if(!map.containsKey(c)) { if(map.size() >= 2) { Set keys = map.keySet(); for(Character key : keys) // find char different from lastChar if(key != s.charAt(i - 1)) { index = map.get(key) + 1; map.remove(key); break; } } } map.put(c, i); max = Math.max(i - index + 1, max); } return max; }}
第三种可以不用Set以及Map来存储,反正只要求两个不同字符,可以设置几个变量,也能有一样的效果。
Reference:
https://leetcode.com/discuss/19261/my-java-ac-solution
https://leetcode.com/discuss/21929/share-my-c-solution
https://leetcode.com/discuss/22980/java-solution-for-k-unique-characters
https://leetcode.com/discuss/31292/clean-11-lines-ac-answer-o-1-space-o-n-time
https://leetcode.com/discuss/54294/java-sliding-window-solution-fast